Sound change

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Language units large and small

Marked forms of words - Inflection, Derivation, Declension, Conjugation · Diminutive, Augmentative

Groups and categories and properties of words - Syntactic and lexical categories · Grammatical cases · Correlatives · Expletives · Adjuncts

Words and meaning - Morphology · Lexicology · Semiotics · Onomasiology · Figures of speech, expressions, phraseology, etc. · Word similarity · Ambiguity · Modality ·

Segment function, interaction, reference - Clitics · Apposition· Parataxis, Hypotaxis· Attributive· Binding · Coordinations · Word and concept reference

Sentence structure and style - Agreement · Ellipsis· Hedging

Phonology - Articulation · Formants· Prosody · Sound change · Intonation, stress, focus · Diphones · Intervocalic · Glottal stop · Vowel_diagrams · Elision · Ablaut_and_umlaut · Phonics


Analyses, models, software - Minimal pairs · Concordances · Linguistics software · Some_relatively_basic_text_processing · Word embeddings · Semantic similarity

Unsorted - Contextualism · · Text summarization · Accent, Dialect, Language · Pidgin, Creole · Natural language typology · Writing_systems · Typography, orthography · Digraphs, ligatures, dipthongs · More linguistic terms and descriptions ·

This article/section is a stub — probably a pile of half-sorted notes and is probably a first version, is not well-checked, so may have incorrect bits. (Feel free to ignore, or tell me)


Fortition

Elision

Epenthesis

Metathesis

Assimilation

Dissimilation

See also

Ablaut and umlaut

Ablaut and umlaut are two different phonological mutations, and often refer to vowel changes under inflection.

the umlout, as in the diacritic, is not very related. See diaresis, trema, umlaut.


Ablaut is generally unconditioned, meaning it happens, but does not have a clear phonological condition, or meaning.

For example, various strong verbs in english have alternative forms, like sing, sang and sung; there is no directly obvious reason why they are the forms, and there is no single such pattern among strong verbs.


Umlaut is conditioned - it happens in specific contexts and not in others, meaning it comes from specific rules and is meaningful when interpreting a word.


I suspect the distinction is somewhat gradual.