Electronic music DIY - some simple ADCs and DACs

From Helpful
(Redirected from Simple ADCs and DACs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The physical and human spects dealing with audio, video, and images

Vision and color perception: objectively describing color · the eyes and the brain · physics, numbers, and (non)linearity · color spaces · references, links, and unsorted stuff

Image: file formats · noise reduction · halftoning, dithering · illuminant correction · Image descriptors · Reverse image search · image feature and contour detection · OCR · Image - unsorted

Video: format notes · encoding notes · On display speed · Screen tearing and vsync


Audio physics and physiology: Sound physics and some human psychoacoustics · Descriptions used for sound and music

Noise stuff: Stray signals and noise · sound-related noise names · electronic non-coupled noise names · electronic coupled noise · ground loop · strategies to avoid coupled noise · Sampling, reproduction, and transmission distortions · (tape) noise reduction


Digital sound and processing: capture, storage, reproduction · on APIs (and latency) · programming and codecs · some glossary · Audio and signal processing - unsorted stuff

Music electronics: device voltage and impedance, audio and otherwise · amps and speakers · basic audio hacks · Simple ADCs and DACs · digital audio · multichannel and surround
On the stage side: microphones · studio and stage notes · Effects · sync


Electronic music:

Electronic music - musical terms
MIDI · Some history, ways of making noises · Gaming synth · microcontroller synth
Modular synth (eurorack, mostly):
sync · power supply · formats (physical, interconnects)
DAW: Ableton notes · MuLab notes · Mainstage notes


Unsorted: Visuals DIY · Signal analysis, modeling, processing (some audio, some more generic) · Music fingerprinting and identification

For more, see Category:Audio, video, images

Audio in and out

ADCs

MCP3008, SPI, 8-channel, 10-bit (fewer-channel variants: MCP3004, MCP3002, MCP3001) (EUR1.5)


MCP3208, SPI, 8-channel, 12-bit (fewer-channel variants: MCP3204, MCP3202, MCP3201), (EUR2.5)


ADS1015, I2C, 4-channel 12-Bit ADC (EUR1.0)
ADS1115, I2C, 4-channel 16-Bit ADC (EUR1.5)
(...4 and ...3 variants just have fewer channels)


AD5593, I2C (EUR8)
8 channel, each usable as a 12-bit DAC, 12-bit ADC, or GPIO

The above tends to choose the most-channel variant Note that some of these can be used in differential mode, halving the effective number of channels.

DACs

TLC5620, SPI, 4-channel 8-bit (~EUR3)


MCP4728, I2C, 4-channel 12-bit (EUR0.5)
MCP4725, I2C, 1-channel 12-bit (EUR0.5)
MCP4921, SPI, 1-channel 12-bit (EUR0.5)
MCP4922, SPI, 2-channel 12-bit (EUR1.5)


TDA1543, I2S, 2-channel 16-bit (EUR0.5)
PCM1710, I2S, 2-channel 16-bit (EUR1.5)
DAC8551, , 1-channel 16-bit EUR5 (e.g. in Braids)


DAC08, 8pin, 1-channel 8-bit (EUR0.5)
DAC0800 same idea
TLC5940, 16-channel 12-bit PWM (not DAC) (EUR1.5)


PCM5102, I2S, 2-channel 32-bit


Earphones / small speakers amps

There's a bunch of ICs that you can use on a line out that can also deal with headphones (not all op amps are happy driving them directly) and tiny speakers.

Many of these are effectively op amps with larger power stages

which is why you can one of these amplifiers as an audio op amp (the specs aren't so useful beyond audio)
and why you can build your own from an op amp and a transistor pair
...essentially a simple Class A amplifier.
choice of op amp (e.g. TL072) may imply bipolar power, which is impractical unless you happened to have that already.


In-ears headphones only need a few milliwatts(verify), while chunkier headphones up to maybe a few hundred milliWatts (depends on their sensitivity, which is sort of their efficiency: dbSPL @ 1mW)


Some options:

  • LM386
an audio amplifier IC -- basically an op amp with a larger output stage
Ouput power varies with package, lowest is ~100mW and highest is ~800mW.
4~12V supply, or 5~18V, depending on package
gain is 20 (default) up to 200
and bypass


  • LM380
similar to LM386, but up to 2.5W
10~22V supply


  • TDA7052
...or others from that family, like TDA7050
4.5~18V supply
differential output
higher output (~1W)
apparently a little lower noise
from 3V?


  • TDA2822
1.8~15V supply
2* 110mW
gain: 39dB (~90), fixed
two channel


  • PAM8403
Class D (most of the above is class AB)
3~5V supply
3W output
https://electro-dan.co.uk/electronics/pam8403speakers.aspx

Microphone (pre)amp

This article/section is a stub — probably a pile of half-sorted notes and is probably a first version, is not well-checked, so may have incorrect bits. (Feel free to ignore, or tell me)

Main jobs:

increase signal level
not introducing noise

A lot of op amps qualify for that.


In practice you have further constraints from

a specific mic's impedance (things are harder if it's higher, like piezos)
a specific mic's sensitivity, typical mic placement
40dB of gain covers a lot of uses
some amount of padding (attenuation) is sometimes also useful
voltage level of what you're driving into expects
use of phantom power
not pick up mains hum (or other EM noise) because increasing any 40dB is probably audible. Probably meaning shielding.


There are a few specific helpful ICs, e.g. with externally tweakable gain, like

  • MAX9814
autogain threshold and attack/release configured via external components
designed somewhat towards electets
and you may not want automatic gain control in various cases.



https://www.homemade-circuits.com/small-amplifier-circuit/




Depending on what you're driving into, some BJTs, or FETs,


Most op-amps (or headphone amps, LM386 seems common in examples) with at least moderate gain, and moderately low noise.


This is more about circuit design.

  • If electret, you want an offset (resistor to high rail) and then probably isolate that from the input with a capacitor
  • switch-mode power is likely to introduce noise, so instead want battery power, or linear regulation,



When you can, put this closer to the mic, though in practice this matters for very quiet mics.


Sensor pre-amps in general can be classified as

current sensitive
charge sensitive
parasitic capacitance


I've seen circuits with LM386, LM358,


https://www.homemade-circuits.com/small-amplifier-circuit/

http://www.thatcorp.com/datashts/AES129_Designing_Mic_Preamps.pdf

Combinations

DAC and amp

MAX98357 - I2S, 1-channel, 3W amp


CODEC - ADC, DAC, and sometimes more

  • SGTL5000 - I2S
  • AK4556 - I2S
  • PCM3060 - I2S


ADC, DAC, and amp

WM8731 - I2S

DAC chip notes

MCP4728