Image noise reduction

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The physical and human spects dealing with audio, video, and images

Vision and color perception: objectively describing color · the eyes and the brain · physics, numbers, and (non)linearity · color spaces · references, links, and unsorted stuff

Image: file formats · noise reduction · halftoning, dithering · illuminant correction · Image descriptors · Reverse image search · image feature and contour detection · OCR · Image - unsorted

Video: format notes · encoding notes · On display speed · Screen tearing and vsync


Audio physics and physiology: Sound physics and some human psychoacoustics · Descriptions used for sound and music

Noise stuff: Stray signals and noise · sound-related noise names · electronic non-coupled noise names · electronic coupled noise · ground loop · strategies to avoid coupled noise · Sampling, reproduction, and transmission distortions · (tape) noise reduction


Digital sound and processing: capture, storage, reproduction · on APIs (and latency) · programming and codecs · some glossary · Audio and signal processing - unsorted stuff

Music electronics: device voltage and impedance, audio and otherwise · amps and speakers · basic audio hacks · Simple ADCs and DACs · digital audio · multichannel and surround
On the stage side: microphones · studio and stage notes · Effects · sync


Electronic music:

Electronic music - musical terms
MIDI · Some history, ways of making noises · Gaming synth · microcontroller synth
Modular synth (eurorack, mostly):
sync · power supply · formats (physical, interconnects)
DAW: Ableton notes · MuLab notes · Mainstage notes


Unsorted: Visuals DIY · Signal analysis, modeling, processing (some audio, some more generic) · Music fingerprinting and identification

For more, see Category:Audio, video, images

This article/section is a stub — probably a pile of half-sorted notes and is probably a first version, is not well-checked, so may have incorrect bits. (Feel free to ignore, or tell me)

gaussian blur

(or other simple interpolating blurs)

Upsides:

  • Simple. Fairly fast.
  • does not introduce spurious detail

Downsides:

  • indiscriminantly removes (high-)frequency content. a.k.a. "Smears everything"

median filtering

Upsides:

  • Simple. Not quite as fast as you'ld think.
  • rejects outliers; best example is rejecting salt and pepper noise
  • will preserve edges better than e.g. linear interpolation

Downsides:

  • can remove high-frequency signal
  • the edge preservation depends on some conditions, so doesn't always happen. The mix can look odd.

total variation denoising

Varies amount of blur by the amount of variation near the pixel.

Which means it mostly lessens noise in otherwise flat regions, while leaving spikes and edges mostly intact.

Upsides:

  • This tends to look more detailed than a basic mean filter, particularly on sharp images

Downsides:

  • Can't really tell what real edges are; for subtler images it can be much like mean


See also:

bilateral denoise

Reduce noise while preserving edges.

Averages based on their spatial closeness and radiometric similarity, and potentially other metrics. Like total-variance denoising in that it easily preserves edges, yet is often more true to photographic original than.


Playing with:

non-local means denoising

See also:


Anisotropic diffusion

See also:

Wiener filter

See also: