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==C and C++ flavours==
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'''C'''
* ....developed at Bell labs around 1969..1973

* '''K&R C''' refers mostly to the first edition of the 1978 book ''The C Programming Language'', which then became a de facto standard {{comment|(the second edition, from 1988, describes ANSI C)}}.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)#K&R_C]

* ANSI developed ANSI X3.159-1989, usually referred to as '''C89'''. As such, ''' 'ANSI C' ''' usually refers to C89. {{comment|('C89' often seems used when referring to syntax/behaviour compliance, 'ANSI C' in many other references to this early C)}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_C#C89]

* C90 informally refers to ISO accepting ANSI's standard with mild changes, as ISO/IEC 9899:1990. {{comment|(As such, C89 and C90 are almost entirely identical)}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_C#C90]

* '''ISO C'''
** can refer to C90
** or more broadly to the fact that ISO handles C specification now

* ISO/IEC 9899:1990/AMD1:1995 (C95)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_C#C95]

* '''C99''' {{comment|(technically ISO/IEC 9899:1999)}} was the current version of C up to 2012ish[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C99]

* '''C11''' {{comment|(technically ISO/IEC 9899:2011)}} [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C11_(C_standard_revision)]
: nicknamed C1x before its approval

* '''C18''' fixed some details in C11, not introducing new features [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C18_(C_standard_revision)]

* C2x[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2x]



'''C++'''
* ISO/IEC 14882:1998 (informally '''C++98''')

* ISO/IEC 14882:2003 (informally '''C++03''')

* 2005 saw '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Technical_Report_1 C++ Technical Report 1]''' (a.k.a. TR1), like an addendum to C++03, then expected to be features for the next version (C++0x), and is implemented in most compilers.

* '''C++11''' is current since August 2011, and a similar story to how C11  became the latest 
: nicknamed C++0x before its approval

* '''C++14''' was largely stuff that might have made it into C++11 but didn't
: nicknamed C++1y before its approval

* '''C++17''' <!--has some significant additions-->
: nicknamed C++1z before its approval
 
* C++20

* C++23


In function references, you may see references to standards like C89 and C99, but also to (specific versions of) POSIX, BSD, SysV, and more. 
This because OSes may offer functionality and functions not part of a standard - often when they are useful extensions of the basic C / C++ library.

People may try to avoid this in the name of portability, or use them along with a portable fallback.

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(So may compilers, but more coders use OS-specifics than compiler-specifics. Some try to avoid all, in the name of portability)
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See also:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28programming_language%29
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_C
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C99
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1X

* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B0x
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Technical_Report_1


===Some related confusion===

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Further notes:
* The difference between iostream.h and iostream is that the former was early, pre-standard C++ and the latter, well, standard. Sometimes both filenames are present, either both pointing to the newer standard one, or with the old present for old code that counts on the pre-standard one.
http://members.gamedev.net/sicrane/articles/iostream.html
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==C versus C++==

Sometimes, C++ is a more expressive way of writing the same fast code.


However, a lot of C++ is fluff, at least to any given project. 

It seems that many coders eventually settle on a subset of C++, which may be as simple as 'C with objects and namespaces'

 - and usually more or less the same subset (with some variation, for example in that some like STL, some don't).


Many seem to choose to use C++ mostly as C with objects and namespaces, and avoid other features until they are necessary or just very practical - which is a rather different approach from trying to use every C++ feature because it's there.

Objects often are handy organizers, but the hundreds of minor features C++ has are often as much problem as solution.

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[[Category:Programming]]