Home device power use: Difference between revisions

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===Computers===
===Computers===


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tl;dr:  
tl;dr:  
* laptops on the order of 40W in use, idling at maybe 10W with things dialed down
* Assume 40W or more for laptops, idling at 10W with things dialed down


* assume a desktop on the order of 150W in use (more in gaming), idling at maybe 80W
* 150W or more for desktops, idling at 100W (''can'' be much less, if specialized)
: plus their monitor(s) on the order of 25W, more for larger and brighter
:: counting basic monitors (larger and brighter may add more)
: with some specific choices you can push them down to 50W idle. Less is possible but gets harder.
:: most gaming machines don't go over 300 or 400W when working hard
:: Particularly if you want it to scale from beefy to nothing (those tiny-box computers may use 10-15W but will also never do anything quickly)


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* laptops tend to be ahead in "scaling down power use when idle" because it has more direct implications (battery life)
* laptops tend to be ahead in "scaling down power use when idle" because it has more direct implications (battery life)
: good for expectation management of how good you ''might'' get a desktop when you take specific care
: good for expectation management of how good you ''might'' get a desktop when you take specific care
:: (not ''all'' of them - certain gamer laptops were only designed to be ''portable'', not to be efficient)
:: (not ''all'' of them - certain gamer laptops were only designed to be ''portable'', not to be efficient)
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====Monitor====
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Assume that a modern LCD panel takes around 25W for a 20" screen.
It can be a more, depending largely on size and brightness (a 30" might be 60W, a 40" might be 100W).
In standby they tend to still use a few watts.
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====Storage====
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[[Image:spinup power.png|thumb|right|211px|Three platter drives made to spin up in sequence]]
Platter may take 4 to 10W while spinning (more while spinning up - assume it might be 20W)
Solid state might be 3 to 5W for SSDs and NVMe in use (can be multiples higher for higher end), and can be negligible while idling.
Note that for platter, a good portion of which may just be to keep it spinning,
whereas SSD power use is more related to how much you use it (in particular write),
and can be quite low when idle.
Note that SSD isn't much more efficient than platter in active use, but ''is'' when idle.
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====GPU====
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A powerful GPU working hard is probably the hungriest component you have, on par with powerful CPUs. 50 to 200W isn't crazy for a GPU.
That said, a moderately powerful GPU might idle at 5 to 15W.
Which is pretty decent power scaling, but still not ideal if you wanted a very power efficient system.
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====Can we do better?====
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'''Can we do better?'''


Yes.  
Yes.  


But how much will vary.
But how much will vary.


Some very informed choices can push a desktop down to 20W idle.  
Some very informed choices (mostly just how idle you can make the CPU and hardware components) can push desktop down a bunch.


If you can accept 15..25W idle, your search becomes a little easier than if you wanted 5..10W


It is no ''technical'' reason you can't have absolutely ''possible'' to have something that can draw 300W under load and 15W idle, but the ''practical'' amount of research to get that is... "so you wanted another hobby?" levels of work.
If you can accept 15..25W idle, your search becomes a little easier than if you wanted 5..10W.
 
It is no ''technical'' reason you can't have something that can draw 300W gaming hard and 15W idle,  
but the ''practical'' amount of research to get that is "so you wanted another hobby to consume your life?" levels of work,
and the choices will be so specific the information is not that valuable a few years later.




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====CPU====
=====CPU=====


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The CPU's TDP is an indication of the maximum -- ''only''.  
The CPU's TDP is an indication of the maximum -- ''only''.  


It tends to be on the order of at least 50 or 100W. It seems
TDP tends to be on the order of at least 50 or 100W. It seems
: Mobile may be in the 5..30 range
: Mobile may be in the 5..30 range
: moderate-speed CPUs tend to be in the range of 40..100W
: moderate-speed CPUs tend to be in the range of 40..100W
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For desktop and mobile it's not so much about what it can do working hard,
 
What may be more interesting is the ''idle'' power.
 
For various desktop and a lot of mobile it's not so much about what it can do working hard,
and much more about how much it can scale down when relatively idle, because that might be most of the time.
and much more about how much it can scale down when relatively idle, because that might be most of the time.






The deeper a CPU wants to sleep, the more than any installed hardware needs to support all that,
 
which is why this is a bit of a specialization.
The deeper a CPU wants to sleep, the more this is a thing about cooperation of hardware,
which is why this is a bit of a specialization that some do better than others.
 


In Intel there is a distinction between  
In Intel there is a distinction between  
* core C states - the computational cres
* core C states - the computational cres
* package C states - more things around it
* package C states - more things around it




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https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/ipla/software-development-platforms/client/platforms/alder-lake-desktop/12th-generation-intel-core-processors-datasheet-volume-1-of-2/001/package-c-states/
https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/ipla/software-development-platforms/client/platforms/alder-lake-desktop/12th-generation-intel-core-processors-datasheet-volume-1-of-2/001/package-c-states/
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====GPU====
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A powerful GPU working hard is probably the hungriest component you have, on par with powerful CPUs. 50 to 200W isn't crazy for a GPU.
That said, a moderately powerful GPU might idle at 5 to 15W.
Which is pretty decent power scaling, but still not ideal if you wanted a very power efficient system.
-->
====Monitor====
<!--
Assume that a modern LCD panel takes around 25W for a 20" screen.
It can be a more, depending largely on size and brightness (a 30" might be 60W, a 40" might be 100W).
In standby they tend to still use a few watts.
-->
====Storage====
<!--
[[Image:spinup power.png|Three drives made to spin up in sequence]]
Platter may take 4 to 10W while spinning (more while spinning up - assume it might be 20W)
SSD might be 3 to 5W for SSDs and NVMe in use (can be multiples higher for higher end), and can be negligible while idling.
Note that for platter, a good portion of which may just be to keep it spinning,
whereas SSD power use is more related to how much you use it (in particular write),
and can be quite low when idle.
Note that SSD isn't much more efficient than platter in active use, but ''is'' when idle.




-->


====Motherboard====
=====Motherboard=====


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Amplifiers tend to use oldschool transformers instead of switch-mode power.  
Amplifiers tend to use oldschool transformers instead of switch-mode power.  


This is a great way to avoid noise from the power supply that switch-mode might easily introduce, but also makes it harder to push down the baseline power use.
This is a great way to avoid noise from the power supply that switch-mode might easily introduce,
but also makes it harder to push down the baseline power use.
 
 
Assume that it ''might'' be using 15-35W just for being powered on, making no sound.
Assume that it ''might'' be using 15-35W just for being powered on, making no sound.
It's often better, but if you're squeezing down on power use, measure it.
: (I've found that some receivers that have a "just a red LED" standby, what you would consider ''off'', might actually still consume most of that baseline 20W)


It'll go up when actually making sound, but people overestimate how much - in a small to moderate room, 20W to 30W of sound is ''loud''.


And yes, it'll go up when actually making sound, but people overestimate how much - in a small to moderate room, 20W to 30W of sound is ''loud''.


It's often better, but if you're squeezing down on power use, measure it.
I've found that modern receivers that have use 20W just in their "just a red LED" standby mode -- what ''you'' would probably consider off.


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'''Beefy heaters'''
'''Beefy heaters'''


Electric water kettle - easily 2kW, but when you use it for 10 minutes per day,
Electric water kettle - easily 2000W
so the same total power as 10W thing that's on all day.
: note that 2000W used 10 minutes per day is roughly the same as a 10W light thing that's on all day
 


Under-sink water boiler
Under-sink water boiler
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: but in the end little difference from the water boiler - it's just about concentrating ''when'' you're heating. The only real difference is that you don't have to isolate it against heat loss
: but in the end little difference from the water boiler - it's just about concentrating ''when'' you're heating. The only real difference is that you don't have to isolate it against heat loss


(the 2kW is not a device limitation as such -- it's an assumed safety limit, because a single house socket cannot be assumed to supply more unless it's ''made'' for it and probably has a special plug)




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===Water cookers===
===Water cookers===
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Yes, they may draw 1000 or 2000W.
They will also only do so for 5 minutes, so they're sort of equivalent to running a 150W thing for an hour or a 6W thing 24/7:


Yes, they may draw 1000 or 2000W. They will also only do so for 5 minutes, so they're sort of equivalent to running a 150W thing for an hour or a 6W thing 24/7.
2000 W * 5 minutes &#x2248; 160 Watt-hours
  160 W * 1 hour   &#x2248; 160 Watt-hours
    7 W * 24 hours  &#x2248; 160 Watt-hours


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Latest revision as of 16:38, 20 April 2024


Computers

tl;dr:

  • Assume 40W or more for laptops, idling at 10W with things dialed down
  • 150W or more for desktops, idling at 100W (can be much less, if specialized)
counting basic monitors (larger and brighter may add more)
most gaming machines don't go over 300 or 400W when working hard


Monitor

Storage

GPU

Can we do better?

CPU
Motherboard

Power Supplies

Audio amplifier

Smaller devices

Heaters and coolers

Water cookers

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