Display types
Backlit flat-panel displays
There are roughly two parts of such monitors you can care about: How the backlight works, and how the pixels work.
CCFL or LED backlight
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCFL
LCD/TFT/similar
Self-lit
OLED
QLED
On image persistence / burn-in
VFD
-
larger segments
-
dot matrix VFD
Vacuum Fluorescent Displays are vacuum tubes applied in a specific way - see Lightbulb_notes#VFDs for more details.
Lighting
Nixie tubes
Mechanical
Mechanical counter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_counter
Split-flap
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-flap_display
LED segments
7-segment and others
These are really just separate lights that happen to be arranged in a useful shape.
Very typically LEDs (with a common cathode or anode), though similar ideas are sometimes implemented in other display types - notably the electromechanical one, also sometimes VFD.
Even the simplest, 7-segment LED involves a bunch of connectors so are
- often driven multiplexed, so only one of them is on at a time.
- often done via a controller that handles that multiplexing for you
Seven segments are the minimal and classical case,
good enough to display numbers and so e.g. times, but not really for characters.
More-than-7-segment displays are preferred for that.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-segment_display
DIY
LCD character dislays
Character displays are basically those with predefined (and occasionally rewritable) fonts.
Classical interface
The more barebones interface is often a 16 pin line with a pinout like
- Ground
- Vcc
- Contrast
- usually there's a (trim)pot from Vcc, or a resistor if it's fixed
- RS: Register Select (character or instruction)
- in instruction mode, it receives commands like 'clear display', 'move cursor',
- in character mode,
- RW: Read/Write
- tied to ground is write, which is usually the only thing you do
- ENable / clk (for writing)
- 8 data lines, but you can do most things over 4 of them
- backlight Vcc
- Backlight gnd
The minimal, write-only setup is:
- tie RW to ground
- connect RS, EN, D7, D6, D5, and D4 to digital outs
I2C and other
Matrix dislays
Small LCDs
These are sometimes incorrectly referred to OLED, which is a confusion with the small displays which are OLED (but usually monochrome).
ST7735
SSD1331
https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1331_1.2.pdf
SSD1351
https://newhavendisplay.com/content/app_notes/SSD1351.pdf
HX8352C
https://www.ramtex.dk/display-controller-driver/rgb/hx8352.htm
ILI9163
http://www.hpinfotech.ro/ILI9163.pdf
ILI9341
https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/ILI9341.pdf
ILI9486
https://www.hpinfotech.ro/ILI9486.pdf
ILI9488
https://www.hpinfotech.ro/ILI9488.pdf
PCF8833
https://www.olimex.com/Products/Modules/LCD/MOD-LCD6610/resources/PCF8833.pdf
SEPS225
https://vfdclock.jimdofree.com/app/download/7279155568/SEPS225.pdf
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