⚠ This is for beginners and very much by a beginner / hobbyist
It's intended to get an intuitive overview for hobbyist needs. It may get you started, but to be able to do anything remotely clever, follow a proper course or read a good book.
Some basics and reference:
Volts, amps, energy, power · batteries · resistors · transistors · fuses · diodes ·
capacitors · inductors and transformers ·
ground
Slightly less basic: amplifier notes · varistors ·
changing voltage · baluns ·
frequency generation ·
Transmission lines · skin effect
And some more applied stuff:
IO:
Input and output pins · wired local IO · wired local-ish IO · · Various wireless · 802.11 (WiFi) · cell phone
Sensors: General sensor notes, voltage and current sensing ·
Knobs and dials ·
Pressure sensing ·
Temperature sensing ·
humidity sensing ·
Light sensing ·
Movement sensing ·
Capacitive sensing ·
Touch screen notes
Actuators: General actuator notes, circuit protection ·
Motors and servos ·
Solenoids
Noise stuff: Stray signals and noise · sound-related noise names · electronic non-coupled noise names · electronic coupled noise · ground loop · strategies to avoid coupled noise · Sampling, reproduction, and transmission distortions
Audio notes: See avnotes
Platform specific
- Arduino and AVR notes · (Ethernet)
- Microcontroller and computer platforms ··· ESP series notes · STM32 series notes
Less sorted: Ground ·
device voltage and impedance (+ audio-specific) · electricity and humans ·
power supply considerations ·
Common terms, useful basics, soldering ·
landline phones ·
pulse modulation ·
signal reflection ·
Project boxes ·
resource metering ·
SDR ·
PLL ·
vacuum tubes ·
Multimeter notes
Unsorted stuff
Some stuff I've messed with: Avrusb500v2 ·
GPS ·
Hilo GPRS ·
JY-MCU ·
DMX ·
Thermal printer ·
See also Category:Electronics.
|
✎ This article/section is a stub — some half-sorted notes, not necessarily checked, not necessarily correct. Feel free to ignore, or tell me about it.
Common mode versus differential mode is about communicating a signal electrically, usually as a voltage signal.
Theoretical side
Common mode
Common mode signalling points at a situation where you have
- a reference conductor, which both ends of this communication have in common
- often called "signal common".
And the signal is the voltage difference between the two.
Differential mode / differential signalling
✎ This article/section is a stub — some half-sorted notes, not necessarily checked, not necessarily correct. Feel free to ignore, or tell me about it.
Single ended
Single-ended signalling basically means all the signal is on one wire, none on any other.(verify)
A lot of the time, single-ended is used as a near-synonym for common mode.
And fair enough, common mode basically implies single ended, in that there is typically a signal common, used as a reference for one or more signals, which is usually tied to some fixed level (like ground).
Yet single-ended does not necessarily imply common-mode reference.
While introductions to XLR make a big kerfuffle over sending signal/2 and -signal/2 on the two wires, it is entirely valid to send the signal on one wire and nothing on the other (which you'd easily call signle-ended), because after differential interpretation this implies the same signal at the other end and the same amount of noise reduction.
In fact, doing this is moderately common(verify) because it is a little simpler component-wise.
If a distinction is made between single ended and common mode,
single-ended often refers more to the concept,
common mode more to electrical reality of conductors.
Both single-ended and common mode are mainly contrasted with differential mode
Derived and related terms
Practical side
Balanced audio / pro audio
See Music_-_studio_and_stage_notes#Notes_on_balanced_audio
Comparisons
See also