Sound change: Difference between revisions
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===Lenition=== | |||
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Lenition refers to a change in a [[consonant]] to a weaker, softer use (for the language), | |||
where this strength refers to the degree of significance it has in the language's [[phone]] set / [[diphone]] structure. | |||
It can refer to language-wide and long-term language change, but also to immediate application and interpretation/recovery that speakers and listeners may apply. | It can refer to language-wide and long-term language change, | ||
but also to immediate application and interpretation/recovery that speakers and listeners may apply. | |||
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In the context of a language, such effects may be used as if they are synonymous with lenition or another specific change. There may be local{{verify}}, correlated names, such as eclipsis. | In the context of a language, such effects may be used as if they are synonymous with lenition or another specific change. There may be local{{verify}}, correlated names, such as eclipsis. | ||
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===Fortition=== | |||
===Consonant gradatation=== | |||
===Elision=== | |||
===Epenthesis=== | |||
===Metathesis=== | |||
===Assimilation=== | |||
===Dissimilation=== | |||
==Ablaut and umlaut== | |||
Ablaut and umlaut are two different phonological mutations, and often refer to vowel changes under [[inflection]]. | |||
{{comment|the umlout, as in the diacritic, is not very related. See [[diaresis, trema, umlaut]]}}. | |||
'''Ablaut''' is generally [[unconditioned]], meaning it happens, but does not have a clear phonological condition, or meaning. | |||
For example, various strong [[verb]]s in english have alternative forms, like sing, sang and sung; there is no directly obvious reason why they are the forms, and there is no single such pattern among [[strong verbs]]. | |||
'''Umlaut''' is [[conditioned]] - it happens in specific contexts and not in others, meaning it comes from specific rules and is meaningful when interpreting a word. | |||
I suspect the distinction is somewhat gradual. | |||
[[Category:Phonetics]] | |||
[[Category:Phonetics]] | |||
[[Category:Sound change]] | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* [[fortition]] (strengthening - the opposite of lenition) | * [[fortition]] (strengthening - the opposite of lenition) | ||
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* [[elision]] (phoneme loss) | * [[elision]] (phoneme loss) | ||
* [[Epenthesis]] (phoneme addition) | * [[Epenthesis]] (phoneme addition, often a neutral vowel, e.g. u in japanese, i in portuguese) | ||
* [[metathesis]] (phoneme reordering, often erroneous movement/swapping) | * [[metathesis]] (phoneme reordering, often erroneous movement/swapping) | ||
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenition | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:27, 20 April 2024
✎ This article/section is a stub — some half-sorted notes, not necessarily checked, not necessarily correct. Feel free to ignore, or tell me about it.
Lenition
Fortition
Consonant gradatation
Elision
Epenthesis
Metathesis
Assimilation
Dissimilation
Ablaut and umlaut
Ablaut and umlaut are two different phonological mutations, and often refer to vowel changes under inflection.
the umlout, as in the diacritic, is not very related. See diaresis, trema, umlaut.
Ablaut is generally unconditioned, meaning it happens, but does not have a clear phonological condition, or meaning.
For example, various strong verbs in english have alternative forms, like sing, sang and sung; there is no directly obvious reason why they are the forms, and there is no single such pattern among strong verbs.
Umlaut is conditioned - it happens in specific contexts and not in others, meaning it comes from specific rules and is meaningful when interpreting a word.
I suspect the distinction is somewhat gradual.