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| {{#addbodyclass:tag_tech}} | | {{#addbodyclass:tag_tech}} |
| | | {{avnotes}} |
| =Just a few elements=
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| ==Lighting==
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| ===Nixie tubes===
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| [[Image:Nixie2.gif|thumb|right|]]
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| <!--
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| Nixie tubes were some of the earliest outputs of computers
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| They have been a inefficient solution since the transistor or so.
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| But they're still pretty.
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| [[Lightbulb_notes#Nixie_tubes]]
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| -->
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| <br style="clear:both">
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| ===Dekatron===
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| <!--
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekatron
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| -->
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| ===Eggcrate display===
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| <!--
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| An eggcrate display is a number of often-incandescent, often-smallish lighbulbs in a grid (often 5 by 7),
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| named for the pattern of round cutouts
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| These were bright, and primarily used in gameshows, presumably because they would show up fine even in bright studio lighting.
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|
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| Note that when showing $0123456789, not all bulbs positions are necessary.
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| ==Mechanical==
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| ===Mechanical counter===
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_counter
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| ===Split-flap===
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| [[Image:Split-flap diagram.png|thumb|right]]
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| <!--
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| If you're over thirty or so, you'll have seen these at airports. There's a few remaining now, but only a few.
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| They're somehow satisfying to many, and that rustling sound is actually nice feedback on when you may want to look at the board again.
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| They are entirely mechanical, and only need to be moderately precise -- well, assuming they only need ~36 or so characters.
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| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAQJJAQSg_g
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| -->
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-flap_display
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| <br style="clear:both"/>
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| ===Vane display===
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| ===Flip-disc===
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-disc_display
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| ===Other flipping types===
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| <!--
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| -->
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| ==LED segments==
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| ===7-segment and others===
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| {{stub}} | |
| [[File:Segment displays.png|thumb|right|200px|7-segment,
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| 9-segment display, 14-segment, and 16-segment display. If meant for numbers will be a dot next to each (also common in general), if meant for time there will be a colon in one position.]]
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| These are really just separate lights that happen to be arranged in a useful shape.
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| Very typically LEDs (with a common cathode or anode), though similar ideas are sometimes implemented in other display types - notably the electromechanical one, and also sometimes VFD.
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| Even the simplest, 7-segment LED involves a bunch of connectors so are
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| * often driven multiplexed, so only one of them is on at a time.
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| * often done via a controller that handles that multiplexing for you<!--
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| : which one depends on context, e.g. is it a BCD-style calculator, a microcontroller; what interface is more convenient for you
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| :: if you're the DIY type who bought a board, you may be looking at things like the MAX7219 or MAX7221, TM1637 or TM1638, HT16K33, 74HC595 (shift register), HT16K33
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| -->
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| Seven segments are the minimal and classical case,
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| good enough to display numbers and so e.g. times, but not really for characters.
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| More-than-7-segment displays are preferred for that.
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-segment_display
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| ==DIY==
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| ===LCD character dislays===
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| Character displays are basically those with predefined (and occasionally rewritable) fonts.
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| ====Classical interface====
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| The more barebones interface is often a 16 pin line with a pinout like
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| * Ground
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| * Vcc
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| * Contrast
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| : usually there's a (trim)pot from Vcc, or a resistor if it's fixed
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| * RS: Register Select (character or instruction)
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| : in instruction mode, it receives commands like 'clear display', 'move cursor',
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| : in character mode,
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| * RW: Read/Write
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| : tied to ground is write, which is usually the only thing you do
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| * ENable / clk (for writing)
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| * 8 data lines, but you can do most things over 4 of them
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| * backlight Vcc
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| * Backlight gnd
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| The minimal, write-only setup is:
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| * tie RW to ground
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| * connect RS, EN, D7, D6, D5, and D4 to digital outs
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| ====I2C and other====
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| <!--
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| Basically the above wrapped in a controller you can address via I2C or SPI (and usually they then speak that older parallel interface)
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| Sometimes these are entirely separate ones bolted onto the classical interface.
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| For DIY, you may prefer these just because it's less wiring hassle.
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| -->
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| ===Matrix displays===
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| ===(near-)monochrome===
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| ====SSD1306====
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| OLED, 128x64@4 colors{{vierfy}}
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| https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1306.pdf
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| ====SH1107====
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| OLED,
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| https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/1481276/SINOWEALTH/SH1107/1
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| ===Small LCD/TFTs / OLEDs===
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| {{stub}}
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| Small as in order of an inch or two (because the controllers are designed for a limited resolution?{{verify}}).
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| {{zzz|Note that, like with monitors, marketers really don't mind if you confuse LED-backlit LCD with OLED,
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| and some of the ebays and aliexpresses sellers of the world will happily 'accidentally'
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| call any small screen OLED if it means they sell more.
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| This is further made more confusing by the fact that there are
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| * few-color OLEDs (2 to 8 colors or so, great for high contrast but ''only'' high cotnrast),
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| * [[high color]] OLEDs (65K),
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| ...so you sometimes need to dig into the tech specs to see the difference between high color LCD and high color OLED.
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| }}
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| <!--
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| [[Image:OLED.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Monochrome OLED]]
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| [[Image:OLED.jpg|thumb|300px|right|High color OLED]]
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| [[Image:Not OLED.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Not OLED (clearly backlit)]]
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| -->
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| When all pixels are off they give zero light pollution (unlike most LCDs) which might be nice in the dark.
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| These seem to appear in smaller sizes than small LCDs, so are great as compact indicators.
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| '''Can it do video or not?'''
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| If it ''does'' speak e.g. MIPI it's basically just a monitor, probably capable of decent-speed updates, but also the things you ''can'' connect to will (on the scale of microcontroller to mini-PC) be moderately powerful, e.g. a raspberry.
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| But the list below don't connect PC video cables.
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| Still, they have their own controller, and can hold their pixel state one way or the other, but connect something more command-like - so you can update a moderate amount of pixels with via an interface that is much less speedy or complex.
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| You might get reasonable results over SPI / I2C for a lot of e.g. basic interfaces and guages.
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| By the time you try to display video you have to think about your design more.
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| For a large part because amount of pixels to update times the rate of frames per second has to fit through the communication (...also the display's capabilities).
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| There is a semi-standard parallel interface that might make video-speed things feasible.
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| This interface is faster than the SPI/I2C option, though not always ''that'' much, depending on hardware details.
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| Even if the specs of the screen can do it in theory, you also have to have the video ready to send.
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| If you're running it from an RP2040 or ESP32, don't expect to libav/ffmpeg.
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| Say, something like the {{imagesearch|tinycircuits tinytv|TinyTV}} runs a 216x135 65Kcolor display from a from a [[RP2040]].
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| Also note that such hardware won't be doing decoding and rescaling arbitrary video files.
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| They will use specifically pre-converted video.
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| In your choices, also consider libraries.
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| Things like [https://github.com/Bodmer/TFT_eSPI TFT_eSPI] has a compatibility list you will care about.
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| ====Interfaces====
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| {{stub}}
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| <!--
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| * 4-line SPI
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| * 3-line SPI ([[half duplex]], basically)
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| * I2C
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| * 6800-series parallel
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| * 8080-series parallel interface
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| The last two are 8-bit parallel interfaces. ''In theory'' these can be multiples faster,
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| though notice that in some practice you are instead limited by the display's controller,
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| your own ability to speak out data that fast, and the difference may not even be twice
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| (and note that [[bit-banging]] that parallel may take a lot more CPU than dedicated SPI would).
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| The numbers aren't about capability, they seem to purely references then Intel versus Motorola origins of their specs{{verify}})
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| They are apparently very similar - the main differences being the read/write and enable, and in some timing.
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| : If they support both, 8080 seems preferable, in part because some only support that?{{verify}}
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| There are others that aren't quite ''generic'' high speed moniutor interfaces yet,
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| but too fast for slower hardware (e.g. CSI, MDDI)
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| https://forum.arduino.cc/t/is-arduino-6800-series-or-8080-series/201241/2
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| -->
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| ====ST7735====
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| LCD, 132x162@16bits RGB
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| <!--
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| * SPI interface (or parallel)
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| * 396 source line (so 132*RGB) and 162 gate line
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| * display data RAM of 132 x 162 x 18 bits
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| * 2.7~3.3V {{verify}}
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| Boards that expose SPI will have roughly:
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| : GND: power supply
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| : VCC: 3.3V-5.0V
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| : SCL: SPI clock line
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| : SDA: SPI data line
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| : RES: reset
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| : D/C: data/command selection
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| : CS: chip Selection interface
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| : BLK: backlight control (often can be left floating, presumably pulled up/down)
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| Lua / NodeMCU:
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| * [https://nodemcu.readthedocs.io/en/release/modules/ucg/ ucg]
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| * [https://nodemcu.readthedocs.io/en/release/modules/u8g2/ u8g2]
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| * https://github.com/AoiSaya/FlashAir-SlibST7735
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| Arduino libraries
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| * https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-ST7735-Library
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| * https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-GFX-Library
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| These libraries may hardcode some of the pins (particularly the SPI ones),
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| and this will vary between libraries.
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| '''ucg notes'''
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| Fonts that exist: https://github.com/marcelstoer/nodemcu-custom-build/issues/22
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| fonts that you have: for k,v in pairs(ucg) do print(k,v) end
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| http://blog.unixbigot.id.au/2016/09/using-st7735-lcd-screen-with-nodemcu.html
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| -->
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| ====ST7789====
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| LCD, 240x320@16bits RGB
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| https://www.waveshare.com/w/upload/a/ae/ST7789_Datasheet.pdf
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| ====SSD1331====
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| OLED, 96x 64, 16bits RGB
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| https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1331_1.2.pdf
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| ====SSD1309====
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| OLED, 128 x 64, single color?
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| https://www.hpinfotech.ro/SSD1309.pdf
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| ====SSD1351====
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| OLED, 65K color
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| https://newhavendisplay.com/content/app_notes/SSD1351.pdf
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| ====HX8352C====
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| LCD
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| <!--
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| 240(RGB)x480, 16-bit
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| -->
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| https://www.ramtex.dk/display-controller-driver/rgb/hx8352.htm
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| ====HX8357C====
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| ====R61581====
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| <!--
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| 240x320
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| -->
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| ====ILI9163====
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| LCD, 162x132@16-bit RGB
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| http://www.hpinfotech.ro/ILI9163.pdf
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| ====ILI9341====
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| <!--
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| 240RGBx320, 16-bit
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| -->
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| https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/ILI9341.pdf
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| ====ILI9486====
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| LCD, 480x320@16-bit RGB
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| https://www.hpinfotech.ro/ILI9486.pdf
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| ====ILI9488====
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| LCD
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| <!--
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| 320(RGB) x 480
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| -->
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| https://www.hpinfotech.ro/ILI9488.pdf
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| ====PCF8833====
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| LCD, 132×132 16-bit RGB
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| https://www.olimex.com/Products/Modules/LCD/MOD-LCD6610/resources/PCF8833.pdf
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| ====SEPS225====
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| LCD
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| https://vfdclock.jimdofree.com/app/download/7279155568/SEPS225.pdf
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| ====RM68140====
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| LCD
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| <!--
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| 320 RGB x 480
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| -->
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| https://www.melt.com.ru/docs/RM68140_datasheet_V0.3_20120605.pdf
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| ====GC9A01====
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| LCD, 65K colors, SPI
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| Seem to often be used on round displays{{verify}}
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| https://www.buydisplay.com/download/ic/GC9A01A.pdf
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| [[Category:Computer]]
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| [[Category:Hardware]]
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| ===Epaper===
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| ====SSD1619====
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| https://cursedhardware.github.io/epd-driver-ic/SSD1619A.pdf
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| <!--
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| ====UC8151====
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| https://www.orientdisplay.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/UC8151C.pdf
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| -->
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| =Semi-sorted= | | =Semi-sorted= |